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(九)運用一般過去時或過去進行時
以一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在時比使用一般現(xiàn)在時更為委婉禮貌。一般過去時即意味說話人原先持有這種想法或觀點,現(xiàn)在(即“說”或“寫”這句話時)未必堅持,故若對方否定或反對,他并不介意,完全可以接受。
1.我想請你幫我翻譯這一封信。
I hoped you would give me a hand with the translation of the letter.
2.你能否將自行車借我一用。
I wondered if I could use your bike for a while.
使用過去進行時比一般過去時具有更多一點的委婉的口吻,因為此時態(tài)不僅表明說話人原先的想法,而且進而暗示:這種原先的想法也尚在考慮,未必成熟或妥當(dāng)。這就告訴對方,盡可直言不諱,無需任何拘束。如:
1.我很想你告訴我你父母對此事所持的意見。
I was wondering if you could inform me of your parents'opinion on this matter.
2.我們想請你為我們照料一下孩子。
We were hoping you would look after the children for us.
(十)虛擬語氣
無論是陳述觀點還是提出建議,運用虛擬語氣比陳述語氣顯得更加彬彬有禮,委婉謙遜。以英語為母語的人對此語感敏銳,在漢語中無此委婉的表現(xiàn)形式,譯者難以自學(xué)掌握。試比較:
1.我的意見是你不要去。
a. My opinion is you should not go there.
b. I should advise you not to go.
2.半途而廢就太遺憾了。
a. It is a shame to stop the work halfway.
b. It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.
3.天氣晴了,我們步行去吧。
a. Since it's fine now, we may walk.
b. Since it's fine now, we might as well walk.
譯句a、b相比,顯然b句更為可取。
(十一)運用成語典故
1.他的那份傲氣真是不得了。
His arrogance takes the cake.
2.她昨天不辭而別。
She took French leave yesterday.
3.這個球隊連勝七場,卻于關(guān)鍵一場敗北。
After seven straight victories the team met its waterloo.
(十二)運用插人成分或附加語句
英語中存在大量的插入成分和附加語句,其中相當(dāng)一部分可以使語氣趨于舒緩。英譯時往往需要譯者“增補”這類成分,在漢語句中絕少有相對應(yīng)的表達。
1.先生,您能告訴我去動物園的路嗎?
If you like,sir,could you direct me to the zoo?
2.我跳舞跳不好。
I'm not much of a dancer, I'm afraid.
3.您怎么會不愛吃糖果的?
How is it you don't like candy, if I may ask?
(十三)運用比較級
譯句b運用了比較級,顯然比句a委婉。試比較;
1.我不能作出這樣的許諾。
a. I can't make such a promise.
b. This is more than I can promise.
2.你不該干這樣的事。
a. You should not do such things.
b. You ought to know better than to do such things.
3.這話毫不客氣。
a. The remark wasn't polite at all.
b. The remark was something less than polite.
與謀求英語的形象表達一樣,講究表達之委婉也必須顧及語境及語體,否則會讓人產(chǎn)生一種矯揉做作、故作姿態(tài)的印象。
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