以上單詞均可用作指關押罪犯設施的含義。其中，gaol (英式英語，美語稱為jail)多指地方（縣、市等）監(jiān)獄設施，多關押未決犯或輕罪犯[1] ，故應譯為“看守所”或“地方監(jiān)獄” prison和penitentiary詞義相近，指關押已決犯的聯邦或州監(jiān)獄， 被監(jiān)禁者所犯罪行一般都較嚴重[2] ,也稱為penal institution, adult correctional institution。而 penitentiary 則尤指關押重罪犯的場所[3]。
[1 ] "Jail (gaol) is usually used to hold persons either convicted of misdemeanors (minor crimes) or persons awaiting trial or as luck-up for intoxicated and disorderly persons." Cf. the Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary with Pronunciations, abridged 6th edition，at p. 580，West Publishing Co. (1991). “an institution usually run by a county or municipality, for locking up offenders serving short sentences and accused people awaiting trial. B Cf. James E. Clapp，Random House Websters Dictionary of the Law, at p. 250, Random House, New York (2000). Ba place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody； specific： such a place under the jurisdiction of a local government (as a county) for the confinement of persons awaiting trial or those convicted of minor crimes. " Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.，Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law, at p. 265 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).
[2] “A state or federal facility in which people convicted of serious crimes and given long sentences are incarcerated. ”Cf. James E. Clapp, Random House Webster's Dictionary of the Law, at p. 340，Random House, New York (2000). “an institution usu. under state control for confinement of persons serving sentences for serious crimes. ” Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D. , Meniam Webster's Dictionary of Law，at p. 382，Merriam-Webster，In-corporated (1996). “ A state or federal facility of confinement for convicted criminals， esp. felons. " Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1213, West Croup (1999).
[3] “A state or federal prisons for the punishment and reformation of convicted felons. ”Cf. Linda Picard Wood，J. D.，Merriam Websters Dictionary of Law，at p. 358, Merriam-Webster ,Incorporated (1996 ).
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