Very steadily, right now, businesses are revolutionizing their accounting, information, and production systems. Thousands of applications throughout the world specify rather startling, advances in a wide range of specific àreas of human endeavor such as automatic laboratories (LINC); fully automated manufacturing facilities (numerical control); family-connected in-home information utilities (TV cable services); and others too numerous to list in this section of the text. It thus appears essential that students, managers, accountants, scientists, teachers, manufacturers, and all alert people become acquainted with terms, concepts, procedures, and applications of on-line real-time time sharing systems (OLRT-TSS). 

眼下，各企業(yè)正在扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地對其會計、情報和生產(chǎn)等系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改革。全世界成千上萬種的應(yīng)用說明，在人類為之努力工作的、范圍廣泛的專門領(lǐng)域內(nèi)已取得了相當(dāng)驚人的進(jìn)展，例如自動化實(shí)驗(yàn)室(LINC)、全自動化的加工設(shè)備（數(shù)控）、連接家庭的家用信息公共設(shè)施（電視電報服務(wù))，以及多得在本文本節(jié)所無法列舉的其他進(jìn)展。由此看來，學(xué)生、經(jīng)理、會計員、科學(xué)家、教師、加工制造商以及一切機(jī)敏的人們都必須逐步熟悉聯(lián)機(jī)實(shí)時分時系統(tǒng)（OLRT-TSS）的有關(guān)術(shù)語、概念、過程和應(yīng)用。

A very brief conceptual introduction to time sharing is not an easy task because the term has already become so generalized that it has a great variety of meanings to scores of interesting groups and wide ranges of intelligence levels in such groups. It might best be developed by listing its logical components: simultaneity——a variable number of people can use the computer at essentially the same time; independence——the programs being handled by the system are operated independently of one another without risk of being intermixed or having security breached; immediacy——all requests for computer response receive that response within seconds (or less) of the completion of the required computation, and most often before "action deadlines" occur; spatial unlimitability——missiles millions of miles away have operated in real-time; and, earth-bound time-sharing users can communicate with the computer by means of teletype, visual displays (cathode-ray tubes) and scores of other input/output devices which are not generally in close proximity to the central computer, and can be continents away. Time sharing is really the utilization of time.

要對分時這個概念作很簡明的介紹不是件容易的事情，因?yàn)檫@個術(shù)語已經(jīng)變得非?；\統(tǒng)，以致對幾十個專業(yè)團(tuán)體以及這些團(tuán)體里智力水平高低不一的人來說，它具有各種各樣不同的意義。也許最好還是通過列舉這個術(shù)語的邏輯成分來加以闡明：同時性——不同數(shù)目的人能在基本相同的時間內(nèi)使用計算機(jī)；獨(dú)立性——系統(tǒng)正在處理的程序可以彼此獨(dú)立地操作，而沒有互相混合或破壞安全的危險；即時性——一切要計算機(jī)回答的請求，都可在完成所需要計算的幾秒鐘甚至更短的時間內(nèi)得到回答，而且多半是在“作用期限”到來之前就能得到回答；空間無限性——數(shù)百萬英里之外的導(dǎo)彈一直是在實(shí)時內(nèi)運(yùn)行的；此外，陸地上的分時用戶能夠使用通常不在中央計算機(jī)附近而可能遠(yuǎn)在幾大洲之外的電傳打字機(jī)、可視顯示裝置（陰極射線管）和大量其他輸入/輸出設(shè)備同中央機(jī)進(jìn)行通信。分時確實(shí)是充分利用時間。

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