4)……寶玉拿了篦子替他一一的梳篦。只篦了三五下，只見(jiàn)晴雯忙忙走進(jìn)來(lái)取錢(qián)。一見(jiàn)了他兩個(gè)，便冷笑道哦，交杯盞還沒(méi)吃，倒上頭了！ ”（第二十回）

楊譯：

Baoyu had just started combing it with a fine comb when Oingwen hurried in to fetch some money. She laughed mockingly at the sight of them.

"Fancy! You haven't yet drunk the bridal cup but already you're doing her hair.”

霍譯：

Bao-yu took a comb and began to comb it for her. But he had not drawn it more than four or five times through her hair，when Sky bright came bursting in to get some more money. Seeing the two of them together, she smiled sarcastically：

'Fancy! Doing her hair already — before you've even drunk the marriage-cup ! ’

5)剛至穿堂那邊，只見(jiàn)玉釧兒獨(dú)坐在廊檐下垂淚，一見(jiàn)他來(lái)，便收淚說(shuō)道鳳凰來(lái)了，快進(jìn)去罷。再一會(huì)子不來(lái)，都反了?！保ǖ谒氖兀?/p>

楊譯：

When he reached the entrance hall he saw Yuchuan sitting alone on the porch，in tears. She stopped crying at sight of him.

"Here comes the phoenix !" she cried. “Go in，quick. If you'd been any later, I can't think what would have happened.”

霍譯：

As he approached the gallery through which he must pass to reach it，he came upon Silver, sitting under the eaves of the covered way and crying. She left off hurriedly when she saw him coming.

‘Here comes the phoenix at last!，she said sarcastically. ‘Hurry up and go inside. If you stay away much longer，there'll be a riot!'

例4的“交杯蓋”和“上頭”都是“結(jié)婚”的借代詞。舊時(shí)的婚禮，新郎新娘交換著飲兩杯酒叫作“交杯”，新郎為新娘改梳發(fā)髻和加簪飾物 叫作“上頭”。晴雯看到寶玉替麝月梳頭，于是運(yùn)用借代手法，以結(jié)婚儀式的特征代結(jié)婚，挖苦他們，語(yǔ)言含蓄、幽默，富有生活情趣。兩譯本均采取直譯，而且，由于這兩個(gè)借體帶有濃厚的文化色彩，兩位譯者都巧妙地在譯文中添加了必要的修飾成分（楊譯的bridal和霍譯的 marriage)，彌補(bǔ)了因文化差異可能帶來(lái)的語(yǔ)義損失，從而為異域讀者確切地理解句中的修辭手段提供了保證。

例5用“鳳凰”借代寶玉，與下文“寶玉忙進(jìn)廳里，見(jiàn)了賈母王夫人等，眾人真如得了鳳凰一般”相互應(yīng)?！傍P凰”本是古代神話(huà)傳說(shuō)中的神鳥(niǎo)，表示珍貴、完美之物，因此這個(gè)借代兼有比喻的特點(diǎn)。由于“鳳凰”與phoenix在語(yǔ)義——特別是感情色彩上是一致的，所以?xún)啥巫g 文的直譯符合上下文的語(yǔ)境與修辭。

但是，由于漢英兩種語(yǔ)言不同的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式，譯者對(duì)借代采取了意譯法：

由于借代在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中一般只出現(xiàn)借體，不出現(xiàn)本體，而且，借體又常常曲折委婉、發(fā)人深思，再加上有的借體帶有強(qiáng)烈的民族文化氣息，這些都為借代格的翻譯設(shè)置了重重障礙。但是，從另一方面來(lái)講，《紅樓夢(mèng)》的語(yǔ)言之所以生動(dòng)形象、情趣盎然，自然與借代的藝術(shù)魅力密切相關(guān)。因此，跨越文化的、時(shí)代的障礙,找尋最精當(dāng)?shù)谋憩F(xiàn)手段，是譯者義不容辭的責(zé)任和使命。細(xì)品兩譯本對(duì)借代的翻譯，我們?cè)僖淮误w會(huì)了譯者的艱辛。

責(zé)任編輯：admin