事實上，中國在切實履行加入世界貿易組織承諾后，還主動通過單邊降稅擴大市場開放。截至2010年，中國貨物降稅承諾全部履行完畢，關稅總水平由2001年的15.3%降至9.8%。中國并未止步于履行加入世界貿易組織承諾，而是通過簽訂自由貿易協定等方式推進貿易投資自由化，給予最不發(fā)達國家關稅特殊優(yōu)惠，多次以暫定稅率方式大幅自主降低進口關稅水平。根據世界貿易組織數據，2015年中國貿易加權平均關稅稅率已降至4.4%，明顯低于韓國、印度、印度尼西亞等新興經濟體和發(fā)展中國家，已接近美國（2.4%）和歐盟（3%）的水平；在農產品和制成品方面，中國已分別低于日本農產品和澳大利亞非農產品的實際關稅水平（表3）。2018年以來，中國進一步主動將汽車整車最惠國稅率降至15%，將汽車零部件最惠國稅率從最高25%降至6%；大范圍降低部分日用消費品進口關稅，涉及1449個稅目，其最惠國平均稅率從15.7%降至6.9%，平均降幅達55.9%。目前，中國關稅總水平已進一步降為8%。

圖表：表3：中國貿易加權平均關稅稅率及國際比較（%） 新華社發(fā)

China, having fulfilled its WTO commitments, has voluntarily engaged in unilateral tariff reductions to expand market opening. By 2010, all commitments in goods had been fulfilled, with the overall tariff level decreased from 15.3% in 2001 to 9.8%. Yet China did not limit itself to WTO commitments; it has promoted trade and investment liberalization through FTAs, given special treatment in tariffs to LDCs, and significantly reduced import tariffs using provisional tariffs on several occasions. According to the WTO, China’s weighted tariff in 2015 had fallen to 4.4%, significantly lower than that of emerging economies and developing countries such as the Republic of Korea, India and Indonesia, approaching that of the US (2.4%) and the EU (3%). China’s tariffs on agricultural products are lower than the real tariffs of Japan, and lower than those of Australia for non-agricultural goods (Table 3). From the beginning of 2018, China further voluntarily cut the MFN rate on whole vehicles to 15%, and the MFN rate on auto parts from a maximum 25% to 6%. China has reduced import tariffs for 1,449 daily necessities, with the MFN rate down by an average of 55.9%from 15.7% to 6.9%. Currently, China’s overall tariff rate has been reduced to 8%.

Table 3: Trade Weighted Average Tariff Rates of China and Other Countries (%)

　　美國所主張的“公平貿易”和“對等開放”，否定各國發(fā)展階段、資源稟賦和優(yōu)勢產業(yè)的客觀差異，無視發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展權，勢必會對發(fā)展中國家經濟和產業(yè)造成沖擊，造成更大范圍的不公平，最終也不利于美國企業(yè)擴大國際市場，分享發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展機遇。

　　中國加入世界貿易組織后，為世界經濟發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻。國際上有的人認為，中國加入世界貿易組織是占了便宜，其他國家吃了虧。事實上，中國加入世界貿易組織后，中國低成本勞動力、土地等資源與國際資本、技術相結合，迅速形成巨大生產能力，推動了全球產業(yè)鏈、價值鏈發(fā)展，促進了世界經濟增長。在此期間，外商對華直接投資持續(xù)擴大，規(guī)模從2001年468.8億美元，增加到2017年的1363.2億美元，年均增長6.9%，跨國公司分享了中國經濟發(fā)展的巨大機遇。與此同時，中國在經濟快速發(fā)展過程中也在環(huán)境、產業(yè)調整等方面承擔了較大成本。

The idea of “fair trade” and “reciprocal opening up” advocated by the US ignores the existence of objective differences among countries in terms of stage of development, resources, and competitive industries, and ignores developing countries’ right to develop. It will create an impact on the economy and industries of the developing countries, result in broader inequality, and eventually prevent American businesses from expanding their international market share and sharing development opportunities in the developing countries.

Since its accession to the WTO, China has made important contribution to world economic development. Some people think China has taken advantage of its WTO membership while putting other countries at a disadvantage. In fact, after China joined the WTO, it has provided international capital and technologies with low-cost labor and land resources, generating immense production capacity that has promoted the development of global industrial chain and value chain, and world economic growth. In this process, FDI to China has kept on growing, surging from USD46.88 billion in 2001 to USD136.32 billion in 2017, at an annual growth of 6.9%. Multinationals have shared the immense opportunities in China’s economic development. In the meantime, China has paid a high cost in environment and industrial restructuring as its economy grows rapidly.