Another diagnostic method is auscultation and olfaction. Auscultation means listening to the patient's voice, speaking, respiration, coughing and moaning. By auscultation, the doctor can not only learn about the changes of the phonatory organ, but also infer the pathological changes of the internal organs. While olfaction means smelling the patient's odor of the secretion and excretion. By and large, stench odor usually indicates heat syndromes of excess; stinking odor suggests cold syndromes of deficiency; and foul and sour odor implies retention of food.

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